A comparative appraisal of some community-based alternatives to institutionalization.

Mental disorders and criminal behavior are considered to fall under the rubric of deviance. This perspective of deviant behavior forms the framework for comparing community-based programs for emotionally disturbed persons and for offenders with institutionally based program~ The interactionist model lends itself to the development of community-based modalities in lieu of institutionalization; in contrast, the internal locus model has traditionally led to long-term confinement. In this appraisal, significant dimensions of community-based programs are explored, including selection variables for individuals, program variables, community variables, and interdependent models for assessing the interaction among them. The costs and benefits, both to the individual and to the community, of implementing community-based alternatives are discussed. Recommendations are made regarding evaluation and accountability.